Just one sleepless night can trigger inflammation linked to obesity
New research has revealed that just 24 hours without sleep can cause a spike in immune cells associated with chronic inflammation, a key driver of obesity.
The study, conducted by the Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI) in Kuwait, highlights the critical role of sleep in maintaining immune health and reducing the risk of metabolic disorders.
Scientists have long explored the relationship between sleep and weight, with growing evidence suggesting that disrupted sleep patterns can contribute to obesity and related conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. While the negative health effects of sleep deprivation are well established, the precise mechanisms linking sleep loss to inflammation remain under investigation.
Dr. Fatema Al-Rashed, lead researcher from DDI’s Immunology and Microbiology Department said: “Advancements in technology, prolonged screen time, and shifting societal norms are making it harder for people to maintain healthy sleep schedules. Our study reinforces the profound impact of sleep on immune health and overall well-being.”
The research examined 237 healthy adults, categorised into lean, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). Participants wore accelerometers for seven days to track sleep and activity levels. Blood samples were analysed to measure cytokines, chemokines, and monocytes, key markers of inflammation.
Results showed that individuals living with overweight and obesity experienced significantly lower sleep quality and higher levels of chronic low-grade inflammation. They also had elevated numbers of non-classical monocytes (NCM), immune cells that play a role in inflammation.
To further investigate the effects of sleep deprivation, researchers conducted a controlled experiment on five normal-weight individuals, keeping them awake for 24 hours. The results were striking, participants showed a sharp increase in circulating NCM levels, which returned to normal within a few days of resuming regular sleep.
Professor Si Ming Man, an immunologist at The John Curtin School of Medical Research in Australia, said: “This study provides compelling evidence that poor-quality sleep triggers low-grade inflammation. The good news is that these effects are reversible with proper sleep, highlighting the importance of catching up on rest to prevent chronic health issues.”
The researchers are now exploring ways to improve sleep quality in individuals living with obesity and its potential to reduce inflammation.