Study finds shared obesity genes in humans and labradors

New research from the University of Cambridge has identified a genetic link between obesity in humans and Labrador Retrievers, shedding light on the fundamental biology of weight gain.

Scientists have pinpointed five genes associated with obesity in British Labradors, with one in particular, DENND1B, having a significant effect. This gene influences the leptin melanocortin pathway, a key brain mechanism that regulates energy balance and appetite. The discovery reinforces the role of genetics in controlling body weight, both in dogs and humans.

Dr. Eleanor Raffan, who led the study, emphasised that investigating dogs offers a unique insight into the genetic drivers of obesity. “By studying Labradors, we could measure their desire for food separately from the control owners exerted over their diet and exercise,” she explained. “In human studies, it’s much harder to isolate these factors, as appetite and weight management are both affected by personal choices.”

The study, published in Science, involved measuring dogs’ body fat, assessing their ‘greediness’ based on food-seeking behaviours, and analysing their DNA. Researchers found that Labradors carrying the DENND1B gene had 8 per cent more body fat than those without it. A further review of human obesity studies revealed the same five genes playing a role in severe, early-onset weight gain in people.

Despite the findings, scientists caution against viewing these genes as immediate targets for weight-loss drugs. “These genes influence other critical biological processes, so they’re not straightforward drug targets,” said study co-author Alyce McClellan. “Managing weight still comes down to diet and exercise.”

For Labrador owners, this means ensuring regular physical activity and controlled food intake. While genetics may play a role, lifestyle interventions remain the best defence against obesity, for both dogs and humans alike.