The evolving role of anti-obesity medications in bariatric surgery

A recent clinical review published in General Surgery News discussed the role of anti-obesity medications in bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery has been a safe and effective method for achieving significant weight loss, reducing comorbidities, and improving quality of life. Despite its benefits, bariatric surgery is not suitable or accessible for all individuals, leading to a growing demand for anti-obesity medications (AOMs).

There is increasing interest in combining AOMs with bariatric surgery. While surgery alone has proven highly effective, the addition of AOMs can enhance weight loss and help manage weight regain. Studies have shown that combining AOMs with surgery can lead to greater weight loss and improved health outcomes. For example, adjuvant liraglutide has been shown to increase weight loss post-surgery compared to surgery alone.

Despite the benefits, the use of AOMs presents challenges, including side effects and high costs. GLP-1 receptor agonists, while effective, can cause gastrointestinal issues and have been linked to thyroid cancers. Moreover, many patients experience weight regain after discontinuing these medications.

As the body of evidence grows, it is clear that AOMs will play a significant role in obesity treatment, both as standalone therapies and in conjunction with bariatric surgery. However, more research is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for their use. Addressing the challenges of cost, access, and long-term effectiveness will be crucial in optimising obesity treatment and improving patient outcomes. The future of bariatric surgery may increasingly involve a multidisciplinary approach, integrating medical and surgical treatments to achieve the best results for patients.