Study finds women with PCOS and obesity have smaller babies

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity are more likely to give birth to smaller babies, according to a recent study by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Babies born to mothers with both conditions had lower birth weights, shorter lengths, and smaller head circumferences compared to children of mothers without these conditions.

The study analysed data from 390 children born to women with PCOS alongside around 70,000 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. While children of women with PCOS generally had lower birth weights, the effect was most pronounced when the mothers were living with obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) over 30.

“For women of normal weight with PCOS, their children tend to have lower birth weights compared to those born to women without PCOS. However, when obesity is added, the effect is much greater,” explained Professor Eszter Vanky, of Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

The findings are especially surprising given that obesity and gestational diabetes are typically associated with larger babies. Women with PCOS, who are at higher risk for gestational diabetes and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, often experience the opposite outcome. Researchers believe a smaller placenta working in “overdrive” to meet the baby’s needs may contribute to these outcomes.

The study highlights the importance of maternal health during pregnancy, as early life conditions can influence long-term health outcomes. Children born to mothers with PCOS may be at greater risk for central obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life.

The researchers stress the need for closer monitoring and tailored interventions for expectant mothers with PCOS. Strategies such as managing maternal weight and glucose levels during pregnancy could improve outcomes for both mother and baby.

The team at Norwegian University of Science and Technology aims to further explore the health impacts of maternal PCOS on children, including the potential benefits of lifestyle guidance and early interventions.